Paper making machinery



Feb. 20, 1934. E. E, BERRY 1,947,636

PAPER MAKING MACHINERY Filed NOV. 25, 1932 Fatentcd Feb. 20, 1934 UNITEDSTATES PAPER MAKING MACHINERY Earl E. Berry, Bcloit, Wis., asslgnor toBeloit Iron Works, Beloit, Wis, a corporation of Wisconsin ApplicationNovember 25, 1932 Serial No. 644,152

11 Claims.

This invention relates to paper machinery, and more particularly to ahollow roll of a paper making machine, having an outer surface of rubberor the like.

One object of the invention is to provide a hollow roll which isperforated to allow substantially unobstructed passage of fluid, such asa suction roll or the like of a paper making machine, having a rubbersurface in which the outer or surface part of the rubber is of asubstantially different character than the portion of the rubberadjacent the inner supporting metal shell so that a closing action ofthe holes in the-areas of pressure or contact with another roll isobtained.

Another object of the invention isthe provision of a method of making arubber covered suction roll or the like, in which the holes in therubber covering are made in a multiple spindle drilling machine afterapplying the rubber surface to a metal shell that has been previouslyperforated in the drilling machine with holes of the des red arrangementand pattern spacing.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing description, the appended claims and the accompanying drawing,in which Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a portion of a perforated suctionroll embodying the present invention, the section being takentransversely with respect to the axis of the roll;

Fig. 2 is a top plan view showing the metal shell in the multiplespindle drilling machine;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view of a portion of the metal shell;

Fig. 4 is a section on the line 44 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a transverse section of a portion of the rubber surfaced shellbefore the rubber is drilled;

Fig. 6 is a similar section showing a step in the drilling of therubber; and

Fig. '7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the shell illustrating theremoving of the rubber slugs.

The hollow roll of the present invention is of the type used forsupporting the carrying felt in a paper making machine, or it may be asuction roll of a similar nature adapted for the removal of water fromthe felt or the paper web, the interior of the roll being subjected tosuction which withdraws the water through holes or perforations in thesuction roll. As herein shown, the roll comprises essentially a metalshell 10, and an outer covering of rubber designated generally 11,perforations of a desired spacing and arrangement being provided in boththe rubber and the metal portions of the roll, as indicated generally at12. Such a roll, as shown in Fig. 1,. may for example, operate inconjunction with a smooth surfaced or unperforated pressure roll 13,suitable pressure being applied between the two rolls so as to presswater out of the two felts 14 and 15 which carry the paper web betweenthem. This water is readily withdrawn through the openings 12 adjacentor next to the'area of contact of the two rolls.

The rubber covering 11 is preferably of such character that the outer orsurface portion 11a, preferably of about 3/ in thickness, is vulcanizedso as to be soft enough that it may flow or distort under the operatingpressures just at the nip of the rolls so that the holes are closedentirely in the area of contact. Thus the hole 12a in. Fig. 1 is closedentirely by reason of the pressure exerted just at the nip of the tworolls where the pressure of the roll 13 is eflective on thecomparatively soft rubber. However, while some of the holes immediatelyadjacent the pressure area at the nip of the rolls may be closed, theother holes to either side of the pressure area are open, so that thewater pressed out of the felt falls or is sucked inwardly of the roll.As the 0 holes in the roll close in the pressure area of contact withanother pressure roll the surface. of the felt is kept smooth instead ofhaving the tendency to force itself into the holes in the roll by reasonof the pressures exerted at the nip of the rolls.

Beneath the soft surface portion of rubber 11a is a substantiallythinner layer of harder rubber designated 11b. The harder layer ofrubber is attached on the outer surface of the shell 10 and isintegrally vulcanized to the outer layer of softer rubber. The layer 11bis of such hardness that the operating pressures obtaining at the nip ofthe roll with another cooperating press will not substantially deformthe inner portion of the rubber. The relative hardness of the rubberlayer 11b prevents such distortion as would block the holes in therubber at their inner ends. These holes are of a constant or uniformdiameter where they extend through the entire rubber surface, but thediameter of the holes in the metal shell is slightly larger so thatpassage of any material entering the perforations in the rubber will beassured.

The roll is made economically, rapidly and in a very accurate manner bydrilling the metal shell in a gang drilling machine, then applying thesurface of rubber which is vulcanized in place. The surface shell isthen carefully placed back on the gang drillingflrnachine and located inthe same position that it had with respect to the indexing mechanismwhen the holes in the shell were provided, so that the holes in therubber can then be made as accurately as possible with the exact spacingand exactly centered with regard to the holes in the metal shell.Various steps in this method of operation will now be more fully setforth.

The shell 10, which is preferably a centrifugal cast bronze shell abouttwo feet in diameter andof a suitable length is turned smooth andpreferably polished, the outside diameter being preferably about 4;"larger and the inside diameter being about A smaller than the finalshell diameter required. The shell 10 is then placed on a multiplespindle or gang drilling machine which has been generally shown at 18 inFig. 2. This gang drilling machine is preferably of a character morefully described in the prior Mills paugh Patent No. 1,854,053 patentedApril 12,

1932, its construction being such that the shell may be indexed definitepredetermined amounts.

For each indexing operation a. series of holes is simultaneously drilledalong the length of the shell by the gang of drills 19. The indexingmechanism by means of which the drum or shell 10 is revolved isdesignated generally by numeral 20. This mechanism may be of suchcharacter that as the shell 10 is revolved around its own axis adefinite amount of movement is also obtained in the line of the axis sothat the series of holes produced by each drill is made in the path of ahelix of small pitch, several complete revolutions of the shell beingrequired before the series of holes drilled by one drill meets theseries of holes made by the next adjacent drill. Adjacent drills maythus be spaced apart about 1.4" to provide series of holes in the shellspaced substantially .35" between centers.

During the perforation of the metal shell streams of compressed air aredirected on the shell to carry off undesirable heat. During the drillingoperation the completed holes are tested to detect any holes that arenot drilled straight. This testis made by inserting a gauge into a holeand determining if the laterally extending oppositely positioned arms ofthe gauge both touch the outer surface of the shell. 7

Before removing the perforated metal shell from the gang drillingmachine the end hole adjacent the end of the shell connected with theindexing mechanism in the first row of holes drilled is broached squareor triangular entirely through the shell, as indicated at 22 in Figs. 2and 3. This serves as an identification mark or index guide for a reasonthat will presently be described. The drilled shell is then removed fromthe drilling machine and then finished to the desired size and shape,the ends of the shell being cut off to the desired length, and'the innerand outer surfaces of the shell bored and turned to the desired sizes.The sharp edge or burr is then removed from the perforations on theinside of the shell by a revolving pointed tool. In turning the outsidesurface annular or helical grooves or threads are cut in the shell, anddovetail slots 24 are also planed in the outer surface of the shell,these slots extending longitudinally throughout the entire length of theshell, and serving with the annular grooves or threads as anchoringmeans for the rubber covering. Any holes required for attaching the rollheads to the shell are then drilled and tapped in theirouter surface ofthe shell. Preferably a base material capable of becoming fairly hard isfirst applied and covered by a layer of compound which, when cured,produces a softer rubber outer surface. The base material is embedded inthe grooves in the shell surface and thus held in place.

After the rubber has been applied and cured, the square or triangularidentification hole 22 is found by inspection of the inside of theshell, and a small hole preferablly about A in diameter is drilled fromthe inside of the shell, centered with the identification hole anddirectly through the rubber cover. This hole is used as a guide forlocating the rubber covered shell in the same position it originally hadin the gang drilling machine with respect to the indexing mechanism.Several other holes may also be drilled in the same manner in the samelongi-- tudinal row with the identification hole so as to serve as guideholes. The rubber covered shell is then set up in the machine so thatthe drill spindles will be in line with the centers of the holes in theshell.

The holes in the metal shell are preferably about in diameter. The holesdrilled in the rubber surface are preferably about A;" in diameter.Several A," drills are therefore placed in the drill spindles, one drillcorresponding to the position of the two end spindles used in drillingthe bronze shell, and the others arranged at suitable locations betweenthe end drills for the purpose of drilling test holes through the-rubbercover to test the correctness of the location of the shell in thedrilling machine. After these test holes are drilled through the rubbercover the holes are inspected by a suitable feeler that can reachthrough these holes so that it can be determined if they are drilledcentrally with regard to the corresponding holes in the bronze shell. Ifthey are not exactly centered the location of the shell is changedslightly and additional text holes are made and inspected until theshell is accurately positioned with respect to the indexing mechanismand with respect tothe same position at which the drilling of the bronzeshell was started, and the drilling of the rubber cover is then effectedby carrying out the same indexing operations that took place when themetal shell was perforated. While the rubber is drilled cold water isrun on the rubber cover to cool the drills and washthe rubber drillingsfrom the drills.

When the rubber mixture is put on the perforated metal shell, some of itis forced into the perforations to various depths varying from a slightamount to an inch or so. The drills are run into the rubber about A"deeper than the layer of rubber on the shell, as shown in Fig. 6. Thisleaves slugs 26 of hard rubber left in the perforations of the metalshell after the perforations have been drilled in the rubber cover,these plugs being still attached to the hard rubber layer 11b by sleevesof rubber about 1/64" thick. These thin sleeves of rubber obtain becausethe drills used for drilling the rubber cover L].

iii-3 lid the machine, attaching a covering of yielding. material on theperforated shell, replacing and by forcing or pushing out the slugsinto' the inside of the shell, preferably by means of steel bars or rodsthat are placed in the drillspindles. These bars are of sufficientlength so that they may be fed into the perforations in the rubber coverand strike the slugs in the shell perforations and break the sleeves,pushing the slugs through the perforations into the inside of the shell.This pushing action is obtained from the regular feeding mechanism ofthe drilling machine, although the spindles are not revolved during thisoperation. During thisoperation the shell is indexed in the same manneras for the drilling of the perforations of the rubber cover.

The steel rods, of about 2" in diameter, that are used for pushers forthe slugs are preferably reinforced against any bending by a steel plate27 that is securely fixed about A" away from the rubber cover, the platehaving holes through which the rods operate so that any bending actionof the rods must take place outside the rubber surface of the shell.This prevents damage to the rubber cover in case any of the slugs offerexceptional resistance. Any of the slugs that cannot be forced out inthis way can be punched out later by hand.

After the slugs have been punched out of the perforations in the metalshell, the rubber covered shell is removed from the gang drillingmachine and laid on cradles so that they may be readily turned in orderthat any slugs of rubber remaining in the perforations may be punchedout into the center of the shell and then removed. The shell and theholes are then cleaned and inspected. The cradles are preferably soarranged that the two ends ofthe shell are supported by endless beltsmounted on rollers so that the weight of theshell is distributed on thebelts and so that the shell may be readily revolved by turning the shelland the belts on the rollers.

While the method herein described, and the roll produced thereby,constitute preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to beunderstood that the invention is not limited thereto, and that changesmay be made in either without departing from the scope of the inventionwhich is defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

l. The method of making a perforated rubber surfaced roll comprisingperforating a metal shell in a multiple spindle drilling machine,removing the perforated shell from the machine, attaching a covering ofrubber on the perforated shell, replacing and relocating the rubbercovered shell in the multiple spindle drilling machine, and drilling therubber covering in correspondence with the hole locations in the shellby. effecting the same indexing operations as required in the drillingof the shell.

2. The method of making a perforated rubber surfaced roll comprisingperforating a metal shell in a multiple spindle drilling machine,modifying one of the holes to serve as an index guide, removing theperforated shell from the machine, attaching a covering of rubber on theperforated shell, replacing and relocating the shell in the multiplespindle drilling machine, and drilling the rubber covering incorrespondence with the hole locations in the shell.

3. The method of making a perforated roll having a surface covering ofyielding material comprising perforating a metal shell in a multiplespindle drilling machine, removing the shell from relocating the shellin the multiple spindle drilling machine, and drilling the covering incorrespondence with the hole locations in the shell by effecting thesame indexing operations from the same initial setting of the shell asobtained in the drilling of the shell.

4. The method of making a perforated rubber surfaced roll comprisingperforating a metal shell,- attaching a covering of rubber on theperforated shell so that some of the rubber is forced into theperforations, drilling holes in the rubber covering so that they stopshort of the ends of the rubber which is in the shell perforations, andremoving the rubber from theperforations in the metal shell by punchinginwardly on the rubber slugs.

5. The method of making a perforated rubber surfaced roll comprisingperforating a metal shell in a multiple spindle drilling machine,removing the perforated shell from the machine, attaching a covering ofrubber on the perforated shell so that some of the rubber is forced intothe perforations of the shell, replacing the shell in the multiplespindle drilling machine and relocating the shell with reference to theindexing mechanism, drilling the rubber covering in correspondence withthe hole locations in the shell and then simultaneously punching rows ofpartly drilled slugs of rubber out of the perforations of the shell byeffecting the same indexing operations from the same initial setting ofthe shell as obtained in the drilling of the shell.

6. The method of making a perforated rubber surfaced roll comprisingperforating a metal shell in a gang drilling machine, making an indexguide mark at one hole location, removing the shell, finishing the shellto the required size, attaching a covering of rubber on the perforatedshell so that some of the rubber is forced into the perforations,replacing the shell with its covering of rubber in the gang drillingmachine and relocating it with reference to the indexing mechanism tohave the same initial setting with respect to the index guide mark,drilling holes in the rubber covering so that they stop short of theends of the rubber which is in the shell perforations, and removing therubber from the perforations in the metal shell by punchinginwardly onthe rubber slugs.

7. The method of making a perforated rubber surfaced roll comprisingperforating a metal shell in a multiple spindle drilling machine,modifying one of the holes to serve as an index guide, removing theperforated shell from the machine, finishing the shell to the desiredsize, and vulcanizing a covering of rubber on the perforated shell,drilling outwardly through the rubber at the modified hole, replacingand relocating the shell in the same multiple spindle drilling machineso that it has the same initial setting with respect to the indexmechanism, and drilling the rubber covering in correspondence with thehole locations in the shell by effecting the same indexing operationsfrom the same initial setting of the shell as obtained in the drillingof the shell, and then simultaneously punching rows of partly drilledslugs of rubber out of the perforations of the shell.

8. A perforated soft surfaced roll for paper machinery comprising ametal shell and a covering of soft surfacing material fixed thereon, theshell and the covering having perforations with the perforations in thecovering each axially aligned with a perforation of slightly largerdiameter in the metal shell, the portion of the surfacing material nextto the shell having sumcient hardness to prevent objectionabledistortion under operating pressures such as would block the holes, theouter portion of the surfacing material having sufllcient softness as todistort under operating pressures obtained when engaged by anunperforated roll to close the end of the perforations in the pressurearea at the nip of the rolls.

9. A perforated suction roll of the character described comprising aperforated metal shell and a rubber covering on the shell havingperforations of smaller diameter but of the same spacing arrangement asthe holes in the metal shell, the portion of the rubber next the shellhaving suflicient hardness to prevent objectionable distortion underoperating pressures, the outer portion of the rubber having sufiicientsoftness so that when used with another press roll the holes closeentirely in the area of contact.

10. A perforated suction roll of the character described comprising ametal shell perforated in a definite pattern of hole spacing, and arubber covering fixed on the shell and having perforations of smallerdiameter but of the same space arrangement and centered with the holesin the shell, the outer portions of the rubber being considerably softerthan the inner portion of the rubber.

11. A perforated suction roll of the character described comprising ametal shell perforated in a definite pattern of hole spacing, said shellhav-.- ing longitudinally extending dovetail slots and having annularlyextending grooves, and a rubber covering fixed on said shell andinterlocked with the said slots and grooves and having perforations ofsmaller diameter but of the same' pattern of hole spacing and centeredwith the holes in the shell, the portions of the rubber adjacent theshell being comparatively hard, and the outer portions of the rubberbeing comparatively soft.

EARL E. BERRY.-

